Qiimaynada Shaqada Habdhaqanka iyo Qorsheyaasha Caawimaada Habdhaqanka (FBAs iyo BIPs)

Waa maxay Qiimaynta Habdhaqanka Shaqada (FBA)?

Haku:
Qiimaynta Habdhaqanka Habdhaqanka (FBA) waa:
Hannaan lagu xalinayo dhibaatada si loo isku dayo in la fahmo hawlaha habdhaqanka.
Waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa nooc qiimeyn ah oo loogu talagalay qofka ardayga ah inuu fahmo habdhaqankooda.
FBA guud ahaan waxaa ka mid ah fiirinta iyo xog ururinta, iyadoo la eegayo:

• Deegaanka ay habdhaqanku ka dhacayo;

• ABCs:- Antecedents (maxaa dhacaya ka hor dhaqanka),

• Habdhaqanka laftiisa, iyo Cawaaqibta (maxaa dhacaya habdhaqanka ka dib);

• iyo Waxyaabo kale oo laga yaabo inay saamayn ku yeeshaan habdhaqanka.

FBA-du waxay horseedaysaa fikrad ku saabsan waxa "shaqo" ama ujeeddada dabeecaddu u adeegto, sidaa daraadeed kooxdu waxay aqoonsan kartaa dabeecadaha "bedelka" oo kale oo u adeegi kara hal shaqo, ama dabooli kara baahi isku mid ah, iyada oo aan la faragelineynin barashada.

Macluumaadka laga soo uruuriyay FBA ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo Qorshaha Wax-ka-qabashada Dhaqanka (BIP).

Qiimaynta shaqada habdhaqanka ("FBA"_, waa nooc kamid ah qiimaynta oo ay adeegsato degmo dugsiyeed si loo go'aansho sababta (ama "ujeedada") keenaaya habdhaqanka.

FBA wuxuu diirada saarayaa habdhaqan gaar ah oo taagan, ama "habdhaqan diirad la saaraayo." Asagoo adeegsanaaya qaababka kaladuwan, oo badenaa ay ku jiraan kormeer, xog uruurinta, iyo wareysiyada, FBA ayaa iskudayaaya inuu aqoonsado waxa keenaaya habdhaqanka iyo waxa keenaaya inuu habdhaqanku sii socdo. Wuxuu eegayaa in jawaabaha hadda laga bixinaayo habdhaqanka ay si aan loola qasdin usii kordhinayaa habdhaqanka iyo in kale. Wuxuu eegayaa waxa ay noqon karaan habdhaqannada wanaagsan, ee "badelka" u noqon kara kuwaasoo buuxinaaya isla baahida, ayagoo aan carqalad ku noqon waxbarashada.

FBA ayaa gacan ka geysanaaya ka jawaabida su'aalaha ku saabsan:

• sababta keenaysa habdhaqanka,
• goorta iyo meesha uu ka dhacaayo,
• waxa caadiyan dhaca kahor habdhaqanka, iyo
• waxa dhaca kadib habdhaqanka.

Xogtaas ayaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu naqshadeeyo laguna beegsado caawimaado wanaagsan si loo baro loogana taageero ardayga inuu habdhaqannada xunxun ku badelo habdhaqanno wanaagsan. Sida ku cad xeerarka waxbarashada gaarka ah, ogolaanshaha waalidka ayaa loogu baahan yahay qiimaynta, ayna ku jirto FBA.

Our behaviors (what we do), can communicate a lot about what we think, feel, want or need. Exactly what a behavior is communicating is often not clear, and can be misinterpreted.

We might safely assume that a student clapping and smiling is communicating approval, and that a student shaking their head side to side is communicating “no.” 

• What about a student crying? Is that communicating sadness? Frustration?
• What about a student looking away and shaking their head in response to questions? Is that communicating confusion? Defiance? Exhaustion?

If we misinterpret the meaning of a behavior, our responses can be ineffective.

An FBA can help uncover the meaning(s) of a behavior that is getting in the way of learning, and effective ways to address it.    

Sidee FBA uga duwan yahay qiimeynada kale?

FBA ayaa caadiyan diirada saara habdhaqannada gaarka ah, ee la arki karo ee ka dhaca goob gaar ah. FBA ayaa tixgelinaaya sida goobta fasalka ama goobta kale ay saamayn ugu yeelan karto habdhaqanka ardayga.

Noocyada kale ee qiimaynada habdhaqanka, oo badanaa ay ku jiraan qiimaynada balaaran, ayaa si guud u eega habdhaqanka ardayda ee intii muddo ah kana dhaca goobaha kaladuwan.

Si kale haddii aan u dhahno, FBA ayaa badanaa eega si gaar ah habdhaqannada carqalada ku ah waxbarashada meesha uu ardaygu joogo, wuxuuna diirad asaaraa sida habdhaqanadaas sida ugu haboon loogu xalin karo isla xaaladaas.

Goorma ayaan, ama ay tahay inaan, codsado FBA lagu sameeyo Cunugayga?

Iskuday inaad xog ka ogaato FBA haddii habdhaqanka cunugaagu u muuqdo inuu carqalad ku yahay waxbarashada gaarka ah ee cunugaaga, ama waxbarashada ilmaha kale, iyo

• Haddii aysan cadeyn sababta keenaysa habdhaqanka; iyo
• Macalinka ayaa iskudayay caawimaado badan si uu u xaliyo habdhaqanka laakiin kuma uusan guulaysan.

Qaar kamid ah tusaaleyaasha aasaasiga ah ee marka aad raadin karto xogta FBA:

• Habdhaqanka cunugaaga ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay carqalad ku tahay inuu waqti badan ku qaato fasalka waxbarashada guud.
• Cunugaaga ayaa laga saaray fasalka marar badan ama muddooyin dheer sabab la xiriirta inuu samaynaayo habdhaqanka fawdo ah ama aan fiicnayn;
• Cunugaaga ayaan ka qaybgaleyn fasalka ama diirada saarayn casharka si joogto ah (sida inuu madaxiisa hoos u foorarinaayo, inuu seexanaayo, ama diidaayo inuu casharka ka shaqeeyo).

Codso in lagu Siiyo Xog Aasaasi ah

Haddii aadan wali garanayn inta jeer ee habdhaqanku imaanaayo, ama inta jeer ee ardayda laga saaraayo fasalka, talaabada koobaad ayaa noqon karta inaad waydiisato macalinka iyo/ama maamulaha inuu bilaabo la socoshada habdhaqanka, si kale haddaan u dhaho inuu bilaabo inuu xog ka uruursho, inta jeer ee habdhaqanku dhacaayo.

Sidee ayaan FBA ugu codsanayaa Cunugayga?

Farsamada ugu fiican waa inaad codsiga FBA ku gudbisaa qoraal ahaan. Waxaad qoraalkaas ku diri kartaa iimeelka, ama waraaq. La har nuqul kamid ah codsiga. Fiiri Sambalka Codsiga FBA.

Waxaad sidoo kale codsiga FBA ku gudbin kartaa adoo toos uga sheegaaya kulanka, ama wada hadalka aad la yeelato macalinka ama maamulaha cunugaaga. Waa muhiim inaad dabagal samayso haddii aadan helin jawaab ku aadan talaabooyinka xiga, waayo mararka qaar codsiyada afka laga sheego ayaa la iska ilaawaa inta lagu jiro hawl maalmeedka mashquulka badan ee dugsiga.

Haddii aad codsiga FBA ka sheegto kulan ku saabsan IEP, xaqiiji inaad hubiso in codsiga iyo jawaabta kooxdu ka bixisay lagu cadeeyo Ogeysiiska Hore ee Qoran (PWN) kadib kulanka. Ogeysiisyada Hore ee Qoran ayaa kaa caawinaaya adiga iyo dadka kale ee kamid ah kooxda IEP-da cunugaaga inay la socdaan codsiyada iyo go'aannada muhiimka ah.

Qofkee ayaan ka codsanayaa FBA?

Ma jirto jawaab keli ah oo saxan, laakiin halkaan waxaad ka helaysaa meelaha aad codsiga ka bilaabi karto:

• Haddii cunugaagu leeyahay IEP Gaarka ah, Maareeyaha Kiiska IEP ama macalinka Waxbarashada
• Haddii cunugaagu leeyahay qorshaha 504, Macalinka iyo/ama la taliyaha dugsiga
• Haddii uusan cunugaagu haysan qorshaha IEP ama 504, Macalinka, la taliyaha dugsiga iyo/ama maamulaha

Ka waran haddii aanan helin wax jawaab ah?

Haddii aad gudbiso codsiga FBA aadana wax jawaab ah helin dhawr maalmood gudahood, biloow inaad ku warceliso isla qofkii aad codsiga u dhiibtay adoo u diraaya iimeel ama taleefan ka wacaaya.

Haddii aadan wali ka helin wax jawaab ah, iskuday inaad codsiga u gudbiso maamulaha, dhakhtarka dhimirka ee dugsiga ama kormeeraha waxbarashada gaarka ah ee degmada.

Ka waran haddii dugsigu "diido" codsigayga FBA?

Haddii jawaabta koobaad ee laga baxsho codsiga FBA ay tahay "maya," iskuday inaad codsato kulan looga hadlaayo arinta. Inta kulanka lagu jiro, u diyaar garoow inaad sheegto sababaha aad u codsanayso FBA, aadna dhageysato si aad u fahanto sababta dugsiga ama xubnaha kale ee kooxdu u aaminsan yihiin in FBA aan loo baahnayn.

Kahor kulanka, ka codso dugsiga inay uruuriyaan xog si ay kuula wadaagaan xog cusub oo ku saabsan habdhaqankii ugu danbeeyay ee cunugaaga.

• Haddii cunugaaga fasalka looga saaray habdhaqanka, ka codso kooxda inay la socdaan xili kasta oo ardayga fasalka laga saaray, sababta looga saaray iyo mudada ay socotay;
• Haddii aad walaac ka qabto in cunugaagu uu ka dhuumanaayo shaqada, codso haddii macalin ama xubin kale oo kooxda kamid ah uu xog ama qodobo dadban ka qori karo uuna soo sheego inta jeer, mudada uu cunugaagu u muuqdo mid diidan ama ka mashquulsan casharka.

Kadib marka aad hesho xog dheeraad ah, haddii ay u muuqato in habdhaqankaan xiriirka ah uu carqalad ku yahay waxbarashada cunugaaga, waxaad ka codsan kartaa kooxda inay tixgeliyaan codsiga FBA markale. Haddii aan dugsigu u jeedin habdhaqan carqalad abuuraaya, ama uu aaminsan yahay inay jiraan caawimaado dheeri ah oo ay marka hore tijaabin karaan, codso inay muddo qabtaan si markale la iskugu yimaado si dib loogu eego sida xaaladuhu yihiin. Samayso xusuusin si aad markale u hubiso xaalada bil kadib ama labo bilood si loo eego sida xaaladuhu yihiin.

Haddii cunugaagu leeyahay IEP, kooxda ayaa fursad u haysata inay ka doodaan ayna gaaraan go'aan, xaqiiji in Ogeysiiska Hore ee Qoran (PWN) uu sheegaayo go'aanka iyo sababaha loo cuskaday.

Haddii aadan wali waafaqsanayn go'aanka, aadna dooneyso inaad fahanto dookhyada xalinta khilaafka ee ardayda hesha ama u qalanta adeegyada waxbarashada gaarka ah, akhri Tusmada Waalidka ee OEO ee ku aadan Difaaca Xuquuqda Waxbarashada ee Ardayda qaba Naafada oo Dhigta Dugsiyada Dawlada, ama Galkeena Ogeysiiska Hore ee Qoran.

FBA-yada iyo Anshaxa - Goorma ayuu FBA Qasab yahay?

FBA ayaa mararka qaar qasab u noqon kara ardayda leh qorshaha IEP (Barnaamijka Waxbarashada Gaarka ah), haddii ardayga laga hakiyo ama laga cayrsho dugsiga wax ka badan 10 maalmoo oo kuwa dugsiga la dhigto ah. Si gaar ah, dugsi ayaa laga doonayaa inuu sameeyo FBA uuna u abuuro BIP arday kasta oo leh IEP haddii:

• ardayga laga hakiyo ama laga cayriyo dugsiga; iyo
• hakinta ama cayrintu ay soconayso wax ka badan 10 maalmood; iyo
• marka ay go'aaminayaan sababta keentay, xubnaha IEP da ardayga, ayna ku jiraan waalidiinta, ay go'aanshaan in habdhaqanka keenay hakinta ama cayrinta uu ahaa mid "ka dhashay" naafada – taasoo ka dhigan, in uu ka dhashay ama uu xiriir toos ah oo wayn la leeyahay naafada cunuga.

Arintaan ayaa sidoo kale qabanaysa haddii ardayga laga hakiyay ama laga cayriyay dugsiga marar badan muddooyin kooban (wax kayar 10 maalmood), laakiin hakinno ama cayrino badan ay abuureen taxane marka la iskudaro ka badan 10 maalmood.

Haddii habdhaqanka ardayga la go'aansho inaysan ka dhalan naafada, xeerarka ayaa ku talinaaya in kooxdu samayso FBA ayna abuurto BIP si looga fogaado in habdhaqanno tan lamid ah markale dhacaan.

Waxaad ka helaysaa faahfaahinta shuruudaha FBA-yada ardayda leh IEP-yada ee sharciyada waxbarashada gaarka ah, xeerka WAC Cutubka 392-172A, oo oonlayn ahaan looga heli karo: https://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-172a&full=true.

Si aad u akhrido xog dheeri ah oo ku saabsan shuruudaha anshaxa ardayda leh qorshaha IEP-da, ama buuxshay shuruudaha IEP laakiin aan wali qiimayn lagu samayn, booqo Tusmada Waalidka ee OEO ee ku aadan Difaaca Xuquuqda Waxbarashada ee Ardayda qaba Naafada oo Dhigta Dugsiyada Dawlada OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools iyo Galka Caawimaada Farsamada ee OSPI oo Tirsigiisu yahay. 2 (TAP 2) Technical Assistance Paper No. 2 (TAP 2).

Yaa samaynaaya FBA?

Degmooyinka dugsiga ayaa badanaa go'aamiya shaqaalaha ay u xilsaarayaan samaynta FBA-yada. Wuxuu noqon karaa dhakhtarka dhimirka dugsiga, taqasuslaha habdhaqanka, ama macalinka waxbarashada gaarka ah. Badanaa, hanaanka ayaa ku biloowda dood kooxeed ku saabsan habdhaqanka abuuraaya carqalada ugu wayn, cida kormeeraysa ardayga si xog looga uruursho habdhaqanka, iyo xiliga iyo goobaha xogta laga uruurinaayo.

Xeerarka waxbarashada gaarka ah ayaa doonaaya in qiimaynada uu sameeyo qof khibrad iyo aqoon ku filan u leh. Hadba inta habdhaqanku adag yahay, ayay u badan tahay in loo baahdo taqasusle si uu gacan uga gaysto fahanka sababaha keenaaya habdhaqanka iyo aqoonsiga caawimaadaha ugu haboon.

FBA-yada iyo BIP-yada ma waxaa loo sameeyaa keliya ardayda leh IEP-yada ama keliya noocyo gaar ah IEP-da ah?

Maya. Qiimaynada Sababta Habdhaqanka waa farsamo dugsiyada iyo qoysasku u adeegsan karaan inay ka caawiso fahanka iyo xal u helida caqabadaha habdhaqanka arday kasta.

Isticmaalka FBA-yada ayaa ku haboonaan karta inta badan ardayda leh IEP-da waayo mararka qaar waa qasab in loo sameeyo (arag qaybta ka hadlaysa anshaxa). Sidoo kale, xeerarka waxbarashada gaarka ah ayaa ka doonaaya in kooxaha IEP du ay tixgeliyaan u adeegsiga "caawimaadaha iyo taageerooyinka habdhaqanka wanaagsan iyo Tilmaamaha iyo Farsamooyinka OEO ee Qoysaska: FBA-yada iyo BIP-yada Bogga 7 ee 12 xeeladaha kale" arday kasta oo leh IPE kaasoo habdhaqankiisu uu carqalad ku yahay waxbarashadiisa, ama waxbarashada ardayda kale. Abuurista qorshaha caawimaada habdhaqanka oo waxtar leh ayaa ku xiran in marka koobaad fahan fiican laga qaato sababta habdhaqanka keenaysa, waana taas waxa FBA du qaban karto.

Ma Codsan Karaa Qiimaynta Waxbarashada ee Madaxa Banaan (IEE) haddii aanan ku raacsanayn FBA-ga degmada?

Haa, haddii loo samaynaayo arday leh IEP. Sida ku cad xeerarka waxbarashada gaarka ah, mar kasta oo degmo ay samayso qiimayn, haddii waalidku diido natiijooyinka, waalidka ayaa codsan kara Qiimaynta Waxbarashada Madaxa Banaan oo ay degmadu qarashka dhiibayso. FBA ayaa eegaaya habdhaqanka gaarka ah ee ardayga waa nooc kamid ah qiimaynta, sidaas awgeed haddii waalidku uu diido natiijooyinka, waalidka ayaa codsan kara IEE ay degmadu dhiibayso qarashka.Degmada ayaa ama aqbali karta, ama ay qasab tahay inay furto hanaanka dhageysiga dooda si ay u difaacdo natiijada ay ka gaartay qiimaynteeda. Si aad u hesho faahfaahin ku aadan IEE, ka fiiri: OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools iyo OSPI’s Special Education page on Guidance for Families.

Waa maxay Qorshaha Caawimaada Habdhaqanku (BIP)?

Xeerarka waxbarashada gaarka ah ee Gobalka Washington ayaa ku qeexaaya Qorshaha Caawimaada Habdhaqanka, ama BIP, inuu yahay qorshe la waafajinaayo IEP da ilmaha haddii kooxdu go'aamiso in uu muhiim yahay, kaasoona qeexaaya, ugu yaraan:

• Taxanaha habdhaqan carqalad ku ah (caqabad abuuraaya) waxbarashada ardayga ama dadka kale;
• Xaaladaha casharka iyo/ama goobta ama marxaladaha doorka ku leh taxanaha habdhaqankaas
• Caawimaadaha wanaagsan ee habdhaqanka iyo taageerooyinka si:
  • loo yareeyo habdhaqanka carqalada ku ah waxbarashada loona kordhiyo habdhaqannada wanaagsan ee bulsho iyo
  • si loo xaqiijiyo in qorshaha loo dhaqan gasho si iskumid ah dhammaan maalinta dugsiga ee ardayga, ayna ku jirana casharada iyo nashaadaadka; iyo
• Xirfadaha la bari doono laguna kormeeri doono si ay badel ugu noqdaan habdhaqanka carqalada keenaaya.

Tan ugu muhiimsanna, BIP-yadu waa inay qeexaan habdhaqan badel u ah kaasoo ardayga la baraayo si loogu badelo habdhaqanka xun - kan waxaa banaa loogu yeeraa “habdhan badel u ah.”

Qorshuhu waa inuu aqoonsadaa nooca habdhaqanka badelka ah ee la bari doono, sida loo baraayo, iyo cida masuulka ka ah barista habdhaqanka ardaygga.

Qorshuhu waa inuu aqoonsadaa xeelado iyo tilmaan

• bixinaaya habdhaqanno badel u ah habdhaqanka carqalada abuuraaya,
• xoojin doona habdhaqannada la doonaayo, iyo
• yareyn doona ama baabi'in doona soo laalaabashada iyo darnaanta habdhaqannada carqalada ah.

Caawimaadaha habdhaqanka wanaagsan waxaa ku jira tixgelinta sababaha dhanka bii'ada ee kicinaaya habdhaqannada xunxun iyo barista ardaygaaga xirfadaha maaraynta habdhaqankiisa ama habdhaqankeeda.

Maxaan uga jeednaa "Habdhaqanka"?

Habdhaqanku waa wax kasta oo aan sameyno – waxay noqon karaan erayo, ficilo, ishaarooyin ama iskudarka kuwaas. Habdhaqannada ayaa la arki karaa; waa la arki karaa ama la maqli karaa.

Habdhaqannada fawdada ama "qaska ah", sida qaylinta, nabar ku dhufashada, ama wax jajabinta, ayaa badanaa soo jeediya dareenka qofka, iyo anshaxa.

Other behaviors that are less obvious or disruptive to others can still be significant and interfere with a student’s own learning, like avoiding class or peer interactions, or engaging in self-harm.Habdhaqannada kale ee aan kala cadeyn ama ay dhibsadaan dadka kale ayaa wali noqon kara kuwo waawayn oo carqalad ku noqon kara waxbarashada ardayga, sida inuu ka dhuunto casharka ama la falgelida ilmaha kale, ama inuu naftiisa dhibaato u gaysto.

Haddii dabeecadda ay tahay mid joogto ah oo faragelin ku hayo waxbarashada, waxaad weydiin kartaa sameynta FBA iyo sameynta bip si wax looga qabto.